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Young Goodman Brown Summary

This short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne features Goodman (which is an old-fashioned way of saying mister) Brown who lives with his wife of three months, Faith in Salem village during the time of the Puritans. He tells her that he must go on a journey, and he heads into the woods. Once there, he meets a man who tries to persuade Goodman Brown to go with him, but Brown is reluctant. The man says that he knew Brown's father and grandfather and helped them in wicked ways. It soon becomes clear that the man Brown is talking to is the devil. Goodman wants to stay true to his faith, referring to both his religious beliefs and his wife, which the devil finds amusing. He tells Brown that many "good" people have come to his side. Then they notice a woman nearby, and the devil goes to speak to her. Brown recognizes her as Goody Cloyse, an older woman who taught him religious education. He is surprised that this woman appears to be friends with the devil and seems to be implying that she is a witch. As Brown continues to protest going along with the devil, the devil encourages him to sit and rest awhile. Brown sits and hides himself amongst the foliage. Then two men come by on horseback. One was a deacon of the church, and they were discussing a meeting that would take place that evening at which a young woman would be taken into their group. Despite seeing religious men from town seemingly on the devil's side, Brown vows not to be taken in.

     Brown then wandered toward noises he heard deeper in the woods. He heard a woman's screams, saw his wife, and found her pink hair ribbon fall onto a branch in front of him. He declared that he had lost his faith, referring to both his wife and his convictions, so he decides to cross over to the devil's side after all. He raced toward blazing trees where many villagers along with Indians and others congregated in a sort of powwow. Goodman Brown came forward when called by the devil and saw Faith standing before the altar as well. They looked at one another as the devil was asking them to join his brood, and at the last moment, Goodman Brown looked up and told Faith to resist the devil's invitation. He did not know what she did, but he found himself back at home the next morning.

     As he walked through town, he shrank away from the people he saw. When Faith ran up joyfully to kiss him, he looked at her sadly and walked away without saying anything. He wondered if that which he had witnessed in the forest had all been a dream. Whether a dream or not, that night changed Goodman Brown into a depressed, distrustful man who lived out the rest of his life jaded by what he saw whether real or imagined.

     The story raises several questions, such as what did Brown actually see in the forest? Was it real? Did he dream it? Did the devil make him hallucinate it? Clearly, the answer is based partly on admitting that this story is a fantasy since he spoke to the devil. It also seems to say that all people have evil inside of them, the question is whether they give in to it or not. Brown didn't seem to give in to the temptation, but did Faith? Or was he just assuming she did or projecting his feelings onto her? It's a very ambiguous ending.

Story Analysis: Critique of Puritan Society

Like so many of Hawthorne's short stories and novels, 'Young Goodman Brown' takes place in Puritan New England, specifically in Salem, Massachusetts. You're probably already aware of Salem's grisly history as home of the infamous Witch Trials, during which dozens of women and men were accused of witchcraft, and many were executed. One of Hawthorne's ancestors was actually involved in the trials and sentenced several women to death. Some scholars have suggested that this family legacy may have been what sparked Hawthorne's interest in writing about - and criticizing - Puritan society.

At the beginning of the story, the Old Man reveals that he was present during two major events from Goodman Brown's family history: when Goodman Brown's grandfather whipped a Quaker woman in the streets of Salem, and when Goodman Brown's father burned an Indian village during King Philip's War.

Hawthorne drew these details from the actual history of Salem village. Founded by Puritans seeking religious tolerance, Salem quickly became a repressive society where those who did not follow sanctioned behavior were violently punished. The Quakers, the American Indians, and those convicted of witchcraft were among those brutally treated by the Puritans, and Hawthorne's story suggests that underneath Salem village's pious exterior, hypocrisy and intolerance prevail.

Young Goodman Brown

Overview of 'Young Goodman Brown'

Have you ever woken from a nightmare, only to find the heart-pounding terror stayed with you long after the dream was over? Or perhaps you've lived through a disappointment, after which the world - and you - felt far less naïve. Imagine the disillusionment of a child who discovers that the Tooth Fairy is really a parent, and now suspects that mom and dad may be hiding even more information. Often as we age, we begin to question the religious beliefs and political worldviews of our families and societies.

Most of us live through these kinds of experiences regularly, and even if they're painful, we figure out how to move on. Not so for Young Goodman Brown, the title character in an 1835 short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Young Goodman Brown begins with a rosy outlook, with unshakable faith in himself, his relationship, and his society. But all that changes on one fateful night.

Plot Summary

Young Goodman Brown is setting out from his home in Salem village, saying goodbye to his pretty wife, Faith, who's wearing her new pink ribbons. He has a little task to attend to that night, but Faith doesn't want him to go. She's afraid of the dark and of what might happen to her all alone. Goodman Brown tells her to say her prayers and go to sleep.

As he sets off into the forest, Goodman Brown meets an Old Man, who has an uncanny resemblance to Brown. As it turns out, the Old Man was good friends with Goodman Brown's father and grandfather. The Old Man intimates that he is the devil and offers to lend Goodman Brown his walking stick, which is carved in the shape of a snake. Goodman Brown insists that he and his forefathers have always been good Christian men.

As they go further into the forest, they come across Goody Cloyse, an old woman known in the village for her piety and good deeds. Goodman Brown hides so she won't see him, so he can avoid discussing why he is walking through the forest at night with the Old Man. However, she meets up with the Old Man in the forest, where she confirms that the Old Man is indeed the Devil and reveals herself as a witch. She's on the way to an evil ceremony, where two new converts will be welcomed into a dark cult.

More and more people from the village, including the preacher and the governor's wife, filter through the woods. Goodman Brown is shocked that so many seemingly upright citizens secretly practice devil worship. Grappling with this information, Goodman Brown looks up to see a pink ribbon float down from a branch. Crying, 'My Faith is gone!', he realizes that even his beloved wife has gone to the dark side.

In a clearing, a large crowd has gathered around a bonfire. They chant twisted versions of hymns and make ready to welcome the two new converts. A veiled woman is led to the fire, where she stands next to Goodman Brown. It's Faith. The two stare into each other's eyes as a dark figure says they have been initiated into the truth of evil: from now on, they will see the darkness lurking underneath everything. Desperate, Goodman Brown screams to Faith to look to Heaven and resist temptation.

Suddenly, Goodman Brown finds himself alone in the forest. It's morning. Had the whole thing been a wretched dream? He staggers back to the village, where he's disgusted by the sight of the preacher preparing his sermon and Goody Cloyse teaching a little girl her prayers. Arriving home, he refuses to speak to Faith, who is again wearing her pink ribbons. He lives out the rest of his life in suspicion and despair and dies a lonely, bitter old man.

the tell tale heart

This "Tell-Tale Heart" study guide starts off with a summary and then moves on to analysis looking at symbolism in Poe's story. It will raise some interesting points for any student reading the story.

· A Basic Summary

Before we begin our analysis of "The Tell-Tale Heart," Let's take a look at a summary of the story.

The story begins with the narrator telling us that he's not insane. He claims his senses are sharpened and he is able to hear sounds in heaven, Earth and hell (but he's not crazy). He then discusses his "idea." He's not sure how the idea entered his mind, but once it entered he had to kill the old man (remember, he's not crazy). He then concludes it was the old man's eye that prompted the murder.

The narrator opens the door of the old man's bedroom seven consecutive midnights. On the eighth night, he opens the door, hears the old man's heart, smothers him to death with a mattress and dismembers his corpse (but he's not crazy). It's apparent the narrator thinks he suspects that we suspect madness because he claims this next piece of evidence will convince us he really isn't mad: he places the dismembered corpse under the floor planks in the old man's room (I'm not convinced).

When the police arrive, the narrator invites them to sit right above the dead body. Everything is going well until the narrator hears the old man's heart and confesses (to the crime, not to insanity).

· Symbolism in the Story

The next step in our analysis of "The Tell-Tale" Heart is a look at symbolism in the story.

The Eye - There are many symbolic interpretations of the old man's eye: (1) The eye represents the "I"; that is, it represents the essence of the old man; (2) The eye holds mysterious powers, according to the narrator, and may symbolize the inability of the narrator to hide his secret sins; (3) The old man's eye is "pale blue, with a film over it," indicating a lack of visual clarity and reliability. In this sense the eye symbolizes the narrator in so much as all the information we receive comes through his distorted mind, much in the same way everything the old man sees is filtered through his distorted eye. Furthermore, the story is told through the narrator's perspective, who claims his actions are on account of the distorted eye, which suggests the point of view is literally and symbolically filtered through the old man's eye.

The Heart - Traditionally the heart symbolizes the emotional center of the individual. In "The Tell-Tale Heart," it symbolizes the narrator's guilt. He hears the heart twice, immediately before killing the old man and when the police are investigating the crime. Is it possible the narrator hears his own heart?

The Old Man's Bedroom - The narrator's intrusion into the old man's bedroom violates honorable conduct (especially when you take into account the whole murder thing). Speaking of violating someone, take a look at how the narrator describes his entrance into the room: "When I had made an opening sufficient for my head...I thrust in my head. Oh you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly--very, very slowly" (173). The narrator recounts on the eighth night, "I heard a slight groan...It was not a groan of pain or of grief--oh, no!--it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe" (174). What does this description sound like to you?

Watches - Poe loves clocks and watches (see "The Masque of the Red Death" and "The Pit and the Pendulum"). Clocks, watches, and time symbolize the approach of death. The narrator, who literally controls the time of death for the old man, compares himself to a watch's minute hand. He also mentions the "death watches in the wall." For those who didn't know, death watches are a species of beetles that live in walls and bang their heads to attract mates (see violating the old man above).

Master Spoken English 09

The video series Master Spoken English - Feeling Phonics, is designed to train first-graders and full-professors, enabling readers to excel, and training speakers like professional actors. The nine-tape video series and book, "Master Spoken English - Feeling Phonics", was published in 1996 and is now in use in 57 different countries. Colleges and universities worldwide have recognized the need this training serves in enabling speakers of English to reach their full potential. Besides serving EFL and ESL needs, the series is used widely in learn-to-read programs.

تم تصميم سلسلة الفيديو ماستر سبوكين إنجليش - فيلينغ فونيكش لتدريب طلاب الصف الأول والأساتذة الجامعيين، وتمكين القراء من التفوق، وتدريب المتكلمين مثل الممثلين المحترفين. وقد نشرت في عام 1996 سلسلة من أشرطة الفيديو تسعة أشرطة والكتب، "ماجستير الإنجليزية - الصوتيات"، وهي الآن قيد الاستخدام في 57 بلدا مختلفا. وقد اعترفت الكليات والجامعات في جميع أنحاء العالم بالحاجة إلى هذا التدريب يخدم في تمكين المتحدثين في اللغة الإنجليزية للوصول إلى إمكاناتهم الكاملة. بالإضافة إلى خدمة الاحتياجات إفل و إسل ، وتستخدم سلسلة على نطاق واسع في تعلم القراءة البرامج.

Master Spoken English 07

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Master Spoken English 01

Understanding and Using English Grammar Fourth Edition

Understanding and Using English Grammar is a developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced students of English as a second or foreign language. While focusing on grammar, it promotes the development of all language skills in a variety of ways. It functions principally as a classroom teaching text but also serves as a comprehensive reference text for students. The eclectic approach and abundant variety of exercise material remain the same as in the earlier editions, but each new edition incorporates new ways and means.

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What is a précis? The definition

Précis, from the Old French and literally meaning “cut short”, is a concise summary of an article or other work. The précis, then, explains the main point, logical support, and structure of the original work but in greatly condensed form. The précis is objective, unlike a critical analysis, which evaluates the argument and use of evidence within an article. Thus, the précis does not offer evaluations about a text, nor does it include personal reaction to a text.

How should a writer begin to write a précis? The process

- Read and annotate the article or other text.
- Reflect on the author's purpose.
- Consider the kinds of evidence the author uses.
- Restate the author's thesis in your own words.
- Write a one or two sentence summary of each section or subdivision of the article.
- Reread the article to compare it with your summary notes.
- Begin writing, using your paraphrase of the thesis and your one or two sentence summary statements.
- Review your précis to confirm that you have explained the main point of the article, identified the supporting evidence that the writer uses, and have used the same logical structure as the text.
- Finally, check for clarity, coherence, and correctness.

How should a précis be structured? The format

Introduction

Some writers offer a hook; explain the author's broad topic; and then restate the author's thesis, while others may open with a restatement of the author's thesis and then explain the broader framework of the subject. In order to determine which approach would best suit the assignment, ask your professor about the format of the introduction. In either format, the restatement of the thesis should include the name of the author, the title of the article, and the date of its publication, as the following illustrates: “In his influential 1936 essay, “Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics,” J.R.R. Tolkien criticizes scholars of this day for mining Beowulf solely for historic evidence about the Anglo-Saxon period, rather than reading the poem as a great and inspiring work of literature.”

Body Paragraphs

Generally, each body paragraph should explain a separate section of the text and should provide the evidence (though in greatly condensed form) that the writer has used to support that section. If used, quotations should be brief, should be correctly introduced or incorporated, and should be correctly attributed.
Conclusion

The conclusion should restate the main idea of the text and reiterate the main support. Remember to avoid any personal statements about the text.

How to write a good paragraph S1

A paragraph is a group of related sentences that discuss one (and usually only one)

main idea. A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences.

The number of sentences is unimportant; however, the paragraph should be long

enough to develop the main idea clearly.

A paragraph may stand by itself. In academic writing, you often write a paragraph

to answer a test question such as the following: "Define management by objective,

and give one example of it from the reading you have done for this class." A paragraph

may also be one part of a longer piece of writing such as an essay or a book.

We mark a paragraph by indenting the first word about a half inch (five spaces on

a typewriter or computer) from the left margin.

The following model contains all the elements of a good paragraph. Read it carefully

two or three times. Then answer the Writing Technique questions that follow,

which will help you analyze its structure.

All paragraphs have a topic sentence and supporting sentences, and some paragraphs

also have a concluding sentence.

The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It not only names the topic

of the paragraph, but it also limits the topic to one specific area that can be discussed

completely in the space of a single paragraph. The part of the topic sentence that

announces the specific area to be discussed is called the controlling idea. Notice how

the topic sentence of the model states both the topic and the controlling idea:

Every good paragraph has a topic sentence, which clearly states the topic and the

controlling idea of the paragraph.

A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It bliefly indicates

what the paragraph is going to discuss. For this reason, the topic sentence is a helpful

guide to both the writer and the reader. The writer can see what information to include

(and what information to exclude). The reader can see what the paragraph is going to

be about and is therefore better prepared to understand it. For example, in the model

paragraph on gold, the topic sentence alerts the reader to look for two characteristics.

Here are three important points to remember about a topic sentence.

1. A topic sentence is a complete sentence; that is, it contains at least one

subject and one verb. The following are not complete sentences because

they do not have verbs:

- Driving on freeways.

- How to register for college classes.

- The rise of indie films.!

2. A topic sentence contains both a topic and a controlling idea. It names the

topic and then limits the topic to a specific area to be discussed in the space

of a single paragraph.

3. A topic sentence is the most general statement in the paragraph because

it gives only the main idea. It does not give any specific details. A topic

sentence is like the name of a particular course on a restaurant menu.

When you order food in a restaurant, you want to know more about

a particular course than just "meat" or "soup" or "salad." You want to

know generally what kind of salad it is. Potato salad? Mixed green salad?

Fruit salad? However, you do not necessarily want to know all the

ingredients. Similarly, a reader wants to know generally what to expect

in a paragraph, but he or she does not want to learn all the details in the

first sentence.

The topic sentence is usually (but not always) the first sentence in a paragraph.

Experienced writers sometimes put topic sentences in other locations, but the

best spot is usually right at the beginning. Readers who are used to the English

way of writing want to know what they will read about as soon as they begin

reading.

Supporting sentences develop the topic sentence. That is, they explain or prove

the topic sentence by giving more information about it. Following are some of the

supporting sentences that explain the topic sentence about gold.

Supporting sentences explain or prove the topic sentence. One of the biggest problems

in student writing is that student writers often fail to support their ideas adequately.

They need to use specific details to be thorough and convincing.

There are several kinds of specific supporting details: examples, statistics, and

quotations.

The concluding sentence signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader

with important points to remember.

A concluding sentence serves two purposes:

1. It signals the end of the paragraph.

2. It leaves the reader with the most important ideas to remember. It can do

this in two ways:

• By summarizing the main points of the paragraph

• By repeating the topic sentence in different words

A paragraph does not always need a concluding sentence. For single paragraphs,

especially long ones, a concluding sentence is helpful to the reader because it is

a reminder of the important points. However, a concluding sentence is not needed

for every paragraph in a multiparagraph essay.

You may want to begin your concluding sentence with one of the signals in the

list on page 14. You may also end a paragraph without a formal signal or perhaps by

using an expression like those in the column on the right.

Review

These are the important points covered in this chapter:

1. A good topic sentence

• is a complete sentence with a subject, a verb, and a controlling idea.

• is neither too general nor too specific. It clearly states the main idea of

the paragraph but does not include specific details.

• is usually the first sentence in the paragraph.

2. Good supporting sentences

• explain or prove the topic sentence.

• are specific and factual.

• can be examples, statistics, or quotations.

3. A good concluding sentence

• signals the end of the paragraph.

• summarizes the important points briefly or restates the topic sentence

in different words.

Story Analysis: Critique of Puritan Society

Young Goodman Brown

the tell tale heart

Master Spoken English 01

Understanding and Using English Grammar Fourth Edition

How to write a good paragraph S1

Review

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